Cerebral hemorrhage

Cerebral hemorrhage occurs as a result of rupture of brain vessels. When bleeding occurs, the brain inside the skull, which is a closed area, is under pressure created by the blood that fills in or around it. Symptoms and signs occur accordingly. Brain hemorrhages can be life-threatening. The damage it causes to the brain is determined by the bleeding volume and how quickly the bleeding can be controlled. There is normally a blood brain barrier in the brain tissue. That's why blood leaking from the vein is toxic to the brain. While blood damages tissues due to pressure, it can also disrupt the blood circulation of the brain, which may cause a part of the brain to become oxygen-free and cause a stroke. There are different types of brain hemorrhage. These are briefly mentioned below under the headings.

Brain Hemorrhage Symptoms

• Sudden, severe headache

• Numbness, tingling

• Developing a stroke

• Vision loss, blurred vision, double vision

• Loss of balance

• Difficulty understanding, meaningless speech, difficulty reading or writing

• Sleeping state

• Loss of consciousness

• Epileptic attack

Brain Hemorrhage Diagnosis

When brain hemorrhage is suspected in the patient as a result of the neurological examination, a diagnosis of cerebral hemorrhage can be made on CT or MRI examination. If aneurysm is suspected, additional angiography of the cerebral vessels is easily diagnosed.

Intracerebral Hemorrhage - Hematoma

It is the bleeding of small vessels in the brain. The resulting blood puts pressure on the brain with the effect of mass. This causes symptoms to appear. The most common cause is hypertension. The majority of patients have moderate to severe arterial hypertension. Bleeding risk is also high in those who use drugs that prolong blood coagulation such as aspirin and coumadin. Other causes include aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation , venous angioma, and brain tumors .

Epidural Hematoma

It is the bleeding that occurs between the meninges called dura and the skull. This bleeding, which puts severe pressure on the brain, can be fatal. Usually; It can occur after serious head injuries. It is caused by rupture of the artery called meningea media. Because of the arterial bleeding, the bleeding that creates a mass effect rapidly causes an advanced pressure effect on the brain.

Chronic Subdural Hematoma

Leakage occurs in the vessels in the form of bridges between the meninges and the brain parenchyma. It usually occurs in the elderly (over 60 years old). In the elderly, the brain is smaller than the skull. For this reason, veins are more susceptible to trauma. Bleeding may occur easily after trauma.

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

There is a rupture in one of the large arteries at the base of the brain. Blood spreads around the brain beneath the subarachnoid meninges. It also seeps into the cerebrospinal fluid. The cause of most of the subarachnoid hemorrhages is the rupture of an aneurysm in the brain. Aneurysms have thin walls and are therefore prone to rupture. Arteriovenous malformation is also among the pathologies that cause such bleeding.

Brain Hemorrhage Treatment

• Saving the life of the patient, opening the airway, providing life support

• Eliminating the cause of bleeding

• Intracranial pressure reduction

• Reducing brain edema

• Rest cure

• Reduce headache

• Reduce stress

When the surgery is decided, the physician determines the type of treatment to be applied. Craniotomy or craniectomy can be applied. In other words, the skull bone is removed. The aim is to drain the existing pressing blood and relax the brain. Clipping is done if there is an aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation.

Dr. Tamer Tekin