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  • What is MRI Imaging? What are the Working Principles?

    What is MRI? Magnetic resonance imaging, or MRI, is a non-invasive medical imaging tool that produces detailed images of almost every internal structure in the human body, including organs, bones, muscles, and blood vessels. MRI scanners, It creates images of the body using a large magnet and radio waves. Unlike X-rays, no ionizing radiation is produced during an MRI examination. These images are important information to your doctor in diagnosing your medical condition and planning the treatment process. gives. How does an MRI scan work? An MRI machine is a large, cylindrical (tube-shaped) machine that creates a strong magnetic field around the patient and sends pulses of radio waves through the scanner. Some MRI machines resemble narrow tunnels, while others are more open. The strong magnetic field created by the MRI scanner causes the atoms in your body to align in the same direction. Radio waves are then sent from the MRI machine and these atoms move out of their original positions. Radio When the waves are turned off, the atoms return to their original positions and send back radio signals. These signals are received by a computer and converted into an image of the body part being examined. This image appears on a viewing monitor. Computed tomography (  BT ) ._11100000-0000-0000 -0000-000000000111_MRI is better at telling the difference between soft tissue types and between normal and abnormal soft tissues. Since no ionizing radiation is used, there is no risk of radiation exposure during the MRI procedure. More recent uses of MRI have contributed to the development of additional magnetic resonance technology. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), is a procedure used to evaluate blood flow in the arteries. MRA is also aneurysms and vascular malformations in the brain (brain, spinal cord) or abnormalities of blood vessels in other parts of the body. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the brain is used to determine the specific location in the brain where a particular function, such as speech or memory, occurs. The general areas of the brain where such functions occur are known, but the exact location may vary from person to person. . During fMRI of the brain, you will be asked to perform a specific task, such as reciting the Pledge of Allegiance. By determining the exact location of the functional center in the brain, doctors surgery or other treatments for the disorder They can plan. How can I prepare for an MRI procedure? EATING/DRINKING:  As with most MRI examinations, you can eat, drink, and take medication._11100000-0000-00 00-0000- 000000000111_There are some special MRI exams that require certain restrictions. Detailed preparation instructions will be provided to you by Johns Hopkins Medical Imaging when you schedule your exam. CLOTHING: Remove all clothing, including underwear _11100000-0000-0000-0000-0 00000000111_and locking up all your personal belongings_11100000-0000-0000 -0000-000000000111_you will be asked . Please remove all your piercings and leave all your jewelry and valuables at home. EXPECT: Imaging occurs inside a large, tube-like structure that is open at both ends. Totally still for quality images You should go to bed. Due to the loud noise of the MRI machine, earplugs are required and will be provided. ALLERGY : Some MRI exams require IV contrast. If you have had an allergic reaction to MRI contrast, contact your ordering physician to obtain the recommended prescription. contact. You will probably take this orally 24, 12 and two hours before the examination. ANXIETY MEDICATION: If you need anti-anxiety medication for claustrophobia, contact your ordering doctor for a prescription. Bring your prescription with you on the day of your appointment. required. Please note that you will need someone to take you home. STRONG MAGNETIC ENVIRONMENT : If you have any metal in your body due to the strong magnetic field, you should inform your doctor before the appointment. Your suitability for MRI Detailed information such as type and location will be needed to determine the condition. If you have metal in your body that was not disclosed before your appointment, your study may be postponed, rescheduled, or canceled upon arrival until more information is available. Depending on your medical condition, your healthcare provider may require other preparations. When you call to make an appointment, it is extremely important that you inform your doctor if any of the following applies to you: If you have a pacemaker or have had heart valves replaced. If you have any type of implantable pump, such as an insulin pump. If you have vascular stents or clips. You are pregnant or think you may be pregnant. If you have ever had a gunshot wound. If you have ever worked with metal (for example, as a metal grinder or welder). If there are metal parts anywhere on your body. If you are unable to lie still for 30 to 60 minutes. If you have a phobia of closed spaces. What happens during the MRI procedure? MRI scans may be performed as an outpatient or during your hospital stay. Although specific protocols vary between facilities, the MRI procedure generally follows this process: You will be asked to remove any clothing, jewelry, glasses, hearing aids, hair clips, removable dental supplies, or other objects that may interfere with the procedure. You will be given a dress to wear. If a contrast procedure is to be performed, a vein will be opened in the hand or arm for the injection of contrast dye. If the contrast material will be taken orally, the contrast material will be given to you by swallowing. You will lie on a scanning table that slides into the large circular opening of the scanning machine. Pillows and slings may be used to prevent movement during the procedure. The technician will be in another room with browser controls.  If you encounter any problems during the process, you will have a communication ball so that you can inform the technician. The technician will always monitor you and be in constant communication. You will be given earplugs or headphones to help block out noise from the scanner. Some headphones can play music. During the scanning process, a clicking sound will be heard as the magnetic field is created and pulses of radio waves are sent from the scanner. It will be important that you remain still during the examination, as any movement may cause image distortion and affect the quality of the scan. Occasionally, you may be instructed to hold your breath or not breathe for a few seconds, depending on the body part being examined. You will then be told when you can breathe. You will be told when you can breathe for a few seconds. You don't need to hold it for longer. If contrast dye is used, you may experience some effects when injected into the IV line. These effects may include a flushing or cold feeling, salty or metallic taste in the mouth, short-term headache, itching, or nausea and/or vomiting.  These effects usually last a few minutes. If you experience difficulty breathing, sweating, drowsiness, or heart palpitations, you should notify the technician. When the scan is complete, the table will slide out of the scanner and you will be helped to get up from the table. If an IV line was placed for contrast administration, the line will be removed. Although the MRI procedure itself does not cause pain, lying still throughout the procedure may cause some discomfort or pain, especially if you have recently had an injury or an invasive procedure such as surgery. The technician will take all comfort measures possible. will use it and complete the procedure as soon as possible. What happens after the MRI procedure? You should move slowly when getting up from the scanner table to avoid experiencing dizziness or dizziness from lying flat during the procedure. If you have taken any sedatives for the procedure, you may need to rest until they wear off. You will also need to avoid driving. If contrast dye was used during the procedure and you experience any side effects or reactions due to the contrast dye after your appointment, such as itching, swelling, rash, or difficulty breathing, call your doctor immediately. Emergency help in a life-threatening situation. call your phone. If you notice any pain, redness, and/or swelling at the IV site after returning home, you should notify your doctor as this may indicate an infection or other type of reaction. Otherwise, there is no need for special care after the MRI scan. You can continue your normal diet and activities unless your doctor advises you differently. Depending on your specific situation, your doctor may give you further or alternative instructions after the procedure.

  • Bacterial meningitis scars one in three children for life

    One in three children with bacterial meningitis lives with permanent neurological disabilities due to the infection. This is led by Karolinska Institutet and published in the leading medical journal JAMA Network Open_11100000 -0000-0000-0000-000000000111_according to a new published epidemiological study . For the first time, researchers have determined the long-term health burden of bacterial meningitis. Bacterial infection can currently be treated with antibiotics but often causes permanent neurological impairment. Since children are frequently affected, the results are important. "When children are affected, the whole family is affected. If a three-year-old child has impaired cognitive ability, a motor disability, visual or hearing impairment or loss, this has a huge impact. These are lifelong obstacles and become a huge burden. "From both an individual and society perspective, those affected need healthcare support for the rest of their lives," said Federico Iovino, associate professor of Medical Microbiology at the Department of Neuroscience at Karolinska Institutet and one of the authors of the current study. he says. By analyzing data from Swedish quality registers on bacterial meningitis between 1987 and 2021, researchers were able to compare just over 3,500 people who had bacterial meningitis in childhood with more than 32,000 matched controls from the general population. The average follow-up period is more than 23 years. Results show that people diagnosed with bacterial meningitis consistently have a higher prevalence of neurological disabilities such as cognitive impairment, seizures, visual or hearing impairment, motor impairment, behavioral disorders, or structural damage to the head. The risk was highest for structural head injuries; hearing impairment was almost eight times the risk, and motor impairment was almost five times the risk. About one in three people affected by bacterial meningitis had at least one neurological disorder, compared to one in ten in controls. Federico Iovino says, "This shows that even if the bacterial infection is treated, many people subsequently suffer from neurological disorders." he says. Federico Iovino and his colleagues will continue their research as the long-term effects of bacterial meningitis are determined. "We are trying to develop treatments that can protect neurons in the brain during the few days it takes for antibiotics to take full effect. We now have very promising data from human neurons and are just entering a preclinical phase with animal models. "We hope to eventually offer this in the clinic within the next few years." says Federico Iovino. Bacterial meningitis is a rare but very serious infection that can affect people of all ages, but is most common in newborns, children, adolescents and the elderly. It is caused by pneumococcus (Streptococcus pneumoniae), which is also an important cause of bacterial respiratory infections such as pneumonia, otitis and sinusitis, which generally affect the youngest and oldest members of society. Untreated bacterial meningitis is fatal, but the infection can now be treated with antibiotics. However, antibiotics have difficulty passing the blood-brain barrier, which means it takes time to fight the infection. During this period, nerve cells may be damaged and cause various permanent neurological damages. We are also constantly faced with the danger of antibiotic resistance in clinics.

  • The Healthiest Option When Frying Fish is Extra Virgin Olive Oil

    Researchers at UPV/EHU University in the Basque Country examined changes in fish lipids and fat during frying processes. Frying techniques, the nature of the oil used, and the type of fish have been shown to have a large impact on the changes that occur during the process. UPV/EHU researchers have shown that the choice of cooking oil is extremely important due to its impact on the lipid profile in fish and the formation of possible toxic compounds in the oil during frying that may affect food safety and human health. Food Research International magazine discussed the study conducted: 'The effect of frying technique, edible oil and fish species on the changes in fish lipids and oil during shallow frying were examined by H-1 NMR' published his article. Bárbara Nieva-Echevarría, Encarnación Goicoechea, María José Manzanos and María Dolores Guillén. To carry out this research, sea bass (_11100000-0000-0000-0000 -000000000111_Dicentrarchus labrax_11100000 file Frying using tolar, extra virgin olive oil and refined sunflower oil plan and shallow-fried in the microwave. Changes in the lipid composition of fish and frying oil were examined using Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging (H-1 NMR). Transition of lipid components between fish and frying oil During shallow frying of fish under domestic conditions, not only fish lipids are transferred to the frying oil, but the components of the oil are also transferred to the fish fillet. As a result, the composition of the oil used for frying is changed: firstly, it is enriched by acyl groups ("fatty acids"), which are present in a higher concentration in fish oil than in the original oil, and secondly, and simultaneously in a higher concentration in the original oil than in the fish oil. It is depleted in the noble groups present. So, after being used for frying, extra virgin olive oil was richer in omega-3, omega-1 acyl groups, linoleic and saturated fats (derived from fish) and poorer in oleic, the main acyl group in olive oil. Similarly, after being used for frying, sunflower oil was richer in all types of acyl groups (from fish) except linoleic, which is the predominant acyl group in sunflower oil. In addition, after frying, both types of oil are enriched with small amounts of cholesterol (derived from fish). As for the oil in fish fillets, its composition also changed during the frying process and was enriched by acyl groups (in other words, oleic, if extra virgin olive oil was present), which are found in higher concentration in the frying oil than in the fillet. or if sunflower oil is used, it contains linoleic) and plant sterols. Simultaneously, during the frying process, lipids in fish fillets were depleted in noble groups and minority components, which were found in higher concentrations in the raw fillet than in the original oils; such as omega-3 docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) polyunsaturated groups. Thermal oxidation reaction In addition to the migration of lipids during frying, some small-scale thermal oxidation may occur in these oils as they are exposed to high temperatures (170 ºC) in the presence of oxygen. This thermal oxidation reaction did not occur in extra virgin olive oil used for frying fish, as it is more resistant to spoilage than sunflower oil. However, secondary oxidation compounds (aldehydes) have formed in the sunflower oil used for pan-frying fish; some of them are considered potentially toxic depending on their concentration. It should be noted that these compounds do not occur in the sunflower oil used to fry fish in the microwave oven. Therefore, considering the results obtained and the formation of these compounds that may be harmful to health, the healthiest option for frying is to use extra virgin olives and fry them in the microwave. Fat content of fried fish The type of fish used was also found to be a factor that significantly affects the oil absorption-desorption process during frying. The fat content of gilded sea bream decreased after frying, while the fat content of European sea bass remained the same or increased from the initial level. This study shows that the frying technique, the type of oil used and the type of fish have a great impact on the changes that occur during the frying process. Proper selection of oil, its effect on the final composition of the oil in the cooked fillet and the frying process It is of great importance because it affects the possibility of the formation of potentially toxic compounds in oil that will greatly affect food safety and human health.

  • Best Sleeping Positions for Pain

    Does it hurt when you get out of bed in the morning?_11100000-0000-0000-0000-00000000 0111_Or maybe your neck_11100000-0000-0000-0000- 000000000111_or does your shoulder start the day with a clicking? If so, it might be because you're working your muscles harder than they should. Odd sleeping positions can put stress and tension on your body, which can cause pain in your body when you wake up in the morning. But you can reverse this with a few changes. Why is sleeping position important? Your body gets tired during the day. Dr. "As you move, there's a lot of stress put on your ligaments, muscles, tissues and joints," Bang says. bestows. “Sleep is a good opportunity for everything to heal and reset.” However, if you lie in a position that puts tension on your body while sleeping, this healing will not occur as it should. Dr. Bang says, "Your goal should be to maintain a neutral position while sleeping, so that the ligaments that stretch during the day shrink and return to their normal positions." says. “So, really let your body rest and heal.” If you have certain pain points, here's how to find the restful position you need: Best sleeping positions for back and neck pain Dr. Bang notes that good posture is not only important when standing or sitting. It is also important when lying down. Aligning your head, shoulders, and hips puts your body in a neutral posture that reduces stress. Your goal should be to find a position that preserves and supports the natural curves in your back and neck. Sleeping in side position The side sleeping position is the most popular. Dr. Bang offers these tips for doing it right: Avoid tucking your chin in . Try to sleep eagerly to preserve the natural curve of your neck._11100000-0000-0000 -0000-000000000111_Purpose is not bending your head, which creates problems during the day and is the source of "technical neck" pain. Use a pillow between your legs . Placing a pillow between your legs can help prevent your upper leg from being pulled forward and your torso from twisting.  The pillow also works to keep your hips and spine aligned. Stretching . Can help you relieve pressure on your lower back for longer periods of time._11100000-0000-0000- 0000-000000000111_Place your thighs with your torso keep them in line and bend your knees back only slightly. Avoid fetal position Alternate sides . Imbalances can develop if you only sleep on one side._11100000-0000-0000- 0000-000000000111_Dr. "You will eventually create problems for yourself," Bang said. says. Solution? Train yourself to sleep on both sides and switch regularly. Pillow height . Your pillow should be thick enough to support your head and neck without sagging._11100000-0000-00 00-0000- 000000000111_ Sleeping on your back Do you want to put the least amount of pressure on your spine? Dr. Bang says sleeping on your back is the way to go. However, if you sleep in this position, consider placing a small pillow under your knees. This small lift works well with the natural curve of your spine and helps relieve some pressure on your lower back. "Having your legs straight may cause your back to bend too much." "This is especially important for your hamstrings (the muscles at the back of your thigh) True if -000000000111_strong ; This is quite common considering how many hours of the day most of us spend sitting." Look for a height for your pillow that will keep your head in a neutral position to reduce tension on your neck. A pillow that is too low will cause your chin to point toward the ceiling; too high and your chin will be tucked into your chest. It approaches correctly. Sleeping on your stomach Sleeping on the stomach, Dr. Bang disapproves. Why? Sleeping face down on your bed for a long time can put you in an awkward position, putting pressure on your neck and waist_11100000-0000-0 000-0000-000000000111_applicable_11100000-0000-0000-0000 -000000000111_. "When people present with pain and it is known to be related to sleep, sleeping on the stomach is usually the culprit." he says. Best sleeping positions for shoulder pain If you want to prevent shoulder pain while sleeping, let's state a basic fact: Gravity is not your friend. 0-000000000111_Dr. "You want to avoid having your shoulder bend down to reach the bed," Bang says. advises Dr. Bang. "That's when you feel the pain." It doesn't really take much. For example, just lying on your back can cause your shoulder to sag a bit. Adding pressure, especially on your rotator cuff, is enough. A possible solution for back sleepers? Placing your arm on a folded blanket or low pillow to support your shoulder and get it better aligned with your body. "Trying to do the only one you work for "The thing is to relieve some pressure" he adds. If you sleep on your side with your shoulder up, you can minimize stress on the joint by using a pillow or pillows to keep the arm straight and in a more neutral position. Sleeping on your stomach still comes with a warning sign. Dr. "If you sleep on your stomach, it's common to put your arm under your pillow," Bang says. he states. “This is a city with shoulder problems. You are really setting the stage for rotator cuff tears. Other tips for pain-free sleep Preparing your body for sleep can also prepare you for a successful sleep. Dr. If you regularly wake up with pain in the mornings, Bang recommends trying these tips before bed: Stretch before bed . Stretching for a few minutes before bed can relieve muscle tension accumulated throughout the day._11100000-0 000-0000 -0000-000000000111_It is also a good way to avoid night muscle cramps. Yoga is a good option for this. Take a shower at night . An evening shower can relax and calm your body and put it into regeneration mode._11100000-000 0-0000-0000- 000000000111_ Temperature control . A bedroom that is too hot or too cold will make you uncomfortable. This can lead to poor posture and poor sleep.”  Therefore, it is necessary to focus on creating a comfortable environment.

  • Will Neuroscientists Be Able to Read the Human Mind in the Future?

    Pink Floyd's "Another Brick in the Wall, Part 1" As the chords of the song filled the operating room, neuroscientists at Albany Medical Center carefully recorded the activity of electrodes implanted in the brains of patients undergoing epilepsy surgery. Purpose? To capture the electrical activity of brain regions tuned to the characteristics of music such as tone, rhythm, harmony and words, and to see whether they can recreate what the patient hears. More than a decade later, after neuroscientists at the University of California at Berkeley analyzed data from 29 such patients, the answer is clearly yes. "After all, it was just a brick in the wall" The phrase appears visibly in the reconstructed song, its rhythms intact and the words muddy but decipherable. For the first time, researchers have reconstructed a recognizable song from brain recordings. The reconstruction demonstrates the feasibility of recording and translating brainwaves to capture musical elements of speech as well as syllables. In humans, these musical elements (rhythm, stress, stress, and intonation), called prosody, It carries meanings that words alone cannot convey. Since these intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) recordings can only be made from the surface of the brain (as close to the auditory centers as possible), no one will be able to listen to the songs in your head in the near future. But for people who have communication problems due to paralysis or paralysis, such recordings from electrodes on the surface of the brain could help reproduce the musicality of speech that is missing in today's robot-like reconstructions. This is a great result," said Robert Knight, a neuroscientist at the Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and UC Berkeley professor of psychology, who conducted the research with postdoctoral researcher Ludovic Bellier. he said. "One of the things I think about music is that it has prosody and emotional content. As this whole field of brain-machine interfaces advances, this gives you a way to add musicality to future brain implants for people who need it, whether they're with ALS or someone. Another neurological or developmental disorder that negatively affects speech output. This gives you the ability to decode not just the linguistic content, but also some of the prosodic content of the speech, some of the affect. I think that's really where we start to solve this problem. code is clear." As brain recording techniques improve, it may one day be possible to make such recordings without opening the brain using sensitive electrodes attached to the scalp. He said that he could measure brain activity to detect it, but that the approach took at least 20 seconds to identify a single letter, making communication laborious and difficult. "Noninvasive techniques are not accurate enough today. Let's hope that in the future we will be able to read activity in deeper parts of the brain with good signal quality for patients, just through electrodes placed outside the skull. But we are far from that." from there" said Bellier. Bellier, Knight, and colleagues reported the results today in the journal PLOS Biology and "another brick in the wall of our understanding of music processing in the human brain." They stated that they added Are you reading his mind? Not yet. Brain machine interfaces used today to help people communicate when they cannot speak can decode words, but the sentences produced have a robotic quality that resembles the sound the late Stephen Hawking made when he used a speech-generating device. Bellier said, "Right now, technology is more like a keyboard for the mind." he said. "You can't read your thoughts from the keyboard. You have to press the buttons. And it kind of sounds robotic; Of course, there is less of what I call freedom of expression." Bellier needs to know. He has been playing music since his childhood; drums, classical guitar, piano and bass, at one point performing in a heavy metal band. When Knight asked him to work on the musicality of the speech, Bellier said: "I'm sure I was very excited when I got the offer. In 2012, Knight, postdoctoral researcher Brian Pasley, and colleagues became the first to reconstruct words a person hears from recordings of brain activity alone. Other researchers have recently taken Knight's work much further. UC San Francisco neurosurgeon and senior co-author of the 2012 paper, Eddie Chang, used displayed words to reconstruct a paralyzed patient's intended speech. recorded signals from the motor area of the brain associated with jaw, lip and tongue movements. on a computer screen. This study, reported in 2021, used artificial intelligence to interpret brain recordings of a patient trying to vocalize a sentence based on a sequence of 50 words. Although Chang's technique was successful, the new study suggests that recordings from the auditory regions of the brain, where all aspects of sound are processed, could also capture other aspects of speech that are important in human communication. Bellier said, "Decoding from auditory cortices, which are closer to the acoustics of sounds, as opposed to the motor cortex, which is closer to the movements made to create the acoustics of speech, is extremely promising." he added. "It will add some color to what is being decoded." For the new study, Bellier reanalyzed brain recordings obtained while patients were played a roughly 3-minute segment of a Pink Floyd song from the 1979 album The Wall 11100000- 0000-0000-0000-000000000111_. He hoped to actually reconstruct musical phrases through regression-based decoding models, going beyond previous studies that tested whether decoding models could identify different musical pieces and genres. Bellier emphasized that the study, which used artificial intelligence to decode brain activity and then encode a reproduction, did not just create a black box for synthesizing speech. He and his colleagues also explored new areas of the brain involved in detecting rhythm. (such as the sound of a guitar) and discovered that parts of the auditory cortex – the superior temporal gyrus, located just behind and above the ear – were detected. - responds to the onset of a voice or synthesizer, while other areas respond to sustained vocals. Researchers also confirmed that the right side of the brain is more attuned to music than the left side. Knight said, “Language is mostly in the left brain. Music, on the other hand, is distributed more with a tendency towards the right.” he said. Bellier said, "It wasn't clear that the same thing would happen with musical stimuli." said. "So here we confirm that this is not just something specific to speech, but is more fundamental to the auditory system and the way it processes both speech and music." Knight is beginning new research to understand the brain circuits that allow some people with aphasia due to stroke or brain injury to communicate by singing when they cannot find the words to express themselves.

  • Brain Surgeons Can Become History with Artificial Intelligence

    An emerging neurosurgeon says brain surgery performed with artificial intelligence is possible within two years and could be safer and more effective. Intern surgeons are working with new artificial intelligence technology to learn the fine points of brain surgery from a keyhole-sized gap. With this method, detailed at University College London, small tumors and critical structures such as central blood vessels are highlighted. The government calls it a "real game changer" for healthcare in the UK. He says it could happen. Criticism structures The brain is delicate and laborious; One millimeter of wrong turn could kill the patient instantly. It is very important to prevent damage to the grape-sized pituitary gland located in the center of the brain. It controls all the hormones of the body and any problem with it can cause blindness. If you keep your approach too small, you run the risk of not getting enough of the tumor," says Hani Marcus, neurosurgeon at the National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery. says. "If you get too big, you run the risk of this criticism really damaging the structures." The artificial intelligence system analyzed more than 200 videos of this gate pituitary surgery and achieved in 10 months an experience that a surgeon could gain in 10 years. The model is a "patient"; "Surgeons like me, even if you're very skilled, are better off finding that edge in AI overall, even without it," said Mr. Marcus, a surgeon who uses the AI trainer on him. he says. "Within a few years you may have an AI system that performs more operations than any human being can see or experience before death." Intern Dr. Nicola Newell also described it as "very useful". finds it. "This helps me guide the model during the surgery and helps me determine what steps and what steps to take next." he says. 'Marvel superhero' Government Minister for Artificial Intelligence, Viscount Camrose, says: “Whatever is done, artificial intelligence makes the balls much more productive. "It almost turns you into the Marvel superhero version of yourself." In this type of technological healthcare, the rules can be changed, outcomes for everyone can be improved, and it is "very promising" He said there might be a future sun. University College London (UCL) is one of 22 universities recently awarded by the government to help revolutionize healthcare in the UK. Welcome / engineers, clinicians and scientists at the International Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Interventional and Surgical Sciences Center are working together on the project.

  • Lower Back Pain After Playing Football

    Have you ever experienced lower back pain after a football match? Playing football can often increase the risk of lower back pain as players must repeat flexible movements and rotations. They are also more likely to experience collisions and falls during play. Lower back pain can be a common problem after physical activities. In most cases, it may heal on its own or may need home care at most. If you are not used to intense physical movements, a football match is likely to cause lower back pain. To prevent such pain, it is recommended that you continue to stay physically active in your routine by starting and ending each physical activity session with simple back stretches and warm-ups. Maintaining a healthy weight will also help you avoid lower back injuries. However, if you have pain after doing this type of exercise, there are a few things to keep in mind and refer to when checking what may be causing back pain: Muscle spasms The most common problem that causes lower back pain in football players, football players or athletes is probably muscle spasm. This injury can result from a hard fall, a quick twist, a hard blow, or a side tackle. You cannot play football without doing any of these movements, so muscle spasms can happen to anyone, but they are not permanent. When your body is exposed to harsh physical contact, especially if it is sudden, you may feel a certain stiffness in the affected muscles. To avoid these types of football injuries, it is recommended to warm up properly, learn proper football techniques, and do core strengthening exercises. Having weak lower back muscles can make it easier for lower back and lower back injuries. It is also very important to maintain good posture to prevent lower back injuries. Stress fractures Stress fractures are small cracks in the bone that usually result from overuse of the lower back or pelvis and frequent injuries to that particular area. Falling hard on your back is a common cause of football players developing stress fractures in their lower back. More pain may be experienced if the carrier is involved in physical movements such as running or jumping. Most often, stress fractures happen to young people who engage in physical activities. The fracture can heal by getting enough rest, limiting physical activities such as taking a short break from football, and avoiding movement or strain of the back. Additionally, people with osteoporosis or weak bones are more prone to developing stress fractures after events such as a minor blow or fall. In this case, it is important to get full rest and reduce any movement as much as possible to ensure a speedy recovery. Although it is not a fracture, spondylolisthesis is a bone-related condition and can also affect athletes. It causes one of the vertebrae to slide forward and requires care and special attention as well as rest. Herniated Disc Although not always, a herniated disc can be considered a serious injury and may need to be treated with urgent medical interventions. It has the potential to cause tremendous pain and occurs when the inner material of the disc slips through a crack in the outer layer of the disc. A herniated disc may occur due to overuse of a certain area of the spine, and when it occurs, it is recommended to rest your spine. A herniated disc can protrude into any part of the spine and irritate nearby nerve tissues. A herniated disc usually originates from the lumbar spine. When it occurs in this area, it can cause sciatica pain that can radiate to the thighs and calves. When it occurs in the upper back or neck, it can cause neck pain that can radiate to the arm. The pain may also be accompanied by other symptoms, such as stiffness in the back or neck, weakness in the back or limbs. Treatment options If you are suffering from pain caused by a problematic disc, muscle problems, or other spine problems that are not linked to any bone fracture (no matter how minor), there are additional steps you can take to treat and prevent pain. . One of the best solutions is to ensure that your spine does not become compressed due to the stress placed on it due to strenuous physical activity. In case of ongoing pain, please consult your doctor.

  • Mortality rate after spinal fusion and other surgeries independent of patient-surgeon gender match

    Senior author Yusuke Tsugawa (David Geffen School of Medicine) says, "It is important for patients to know that the quality of surgical care provided by female surgeons in the United States is equivalent to, or in some cases slightly better than, that provided by male surgeons." said. Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles [UCLA], Los Angeles, USA). "Given that the difference in patient mortality rates between male and female surgeons is small, patients should consider factors beyond the surgeon's gender when choosing a surgeon. Gender concordance between patients and physicians (when physician and patient are the same gender) is often linked to higher quality care processes and better patient outcomes through more effective communication, reduced (implicit and explicit) sex and gender bias, and better patient outcomes. However, as noted in the BMJ's press release, evidence regarding the impact of patient and surgeon gender match on outcomes in patients undergoing surgical procedures is "limited." To address this issue, a team of researchers set out to determine whether patient-surgeon gender concordance was associated with postoperative death in the United States. Their theory was that patients treated by same-sex surgeons would have a lower postoperative mortality rate than patients treated by gender-nonconforming surgeons. They analyzed data from nearly three million Medicare patients ages 65 to 99 who had one of 14 common major emergency or elective surgeries between 2016 and 2019: abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, appendectomy, cholecystectomy, colectomy, coronary artery bypass surgery, knee replacement, hip replacement. , hysterectomy, laminectomy or spinal fusion, liver resection, lung resection, prostatectomy, radical cystectomy and thyroidectomy. In this observational study, postoperative mortality was defined as death occurring within 30 days after surgery. Adjustments were made for patient characteristics such as age, race, and underlying conditions; surgeon characteristics such as age, years of practice, and number of surgeries performed; and hospital fixed effects (effective comparison of patients in the same hospital). Of the 2,902,756 patients who underwent surgery, 1,287,845 (44%) were operated on by surgeons of the same gender (1,201,712 male patients/surgeons (41%) and 86,133 female patients/surgeons (3%)), 1,614. 911 (56%) were performed by surgeons of different genders (52,944 male patients/female surgeons [1.8%] and 1,561,967 female patients/male surgeons [54%]). For combined emergency and elective procedures, the adjusted mortality rate at 30 days after surgery was 2% in male patients treated by male surgeons, 1.7% in male patients treated by female surgeons, and 1% in female patients treated by male surgeons. 5 and 1.3% in female patients treated by male surgeons. Female patients treated by female surgeons. Additionally, female surgeons had slightly lower patient mortality rates (0.5%) than male surgeons (0.8%) for elective procedures, but no difference in patient mortality was seen for emergency surgeries. The authors note that several mechanisms may explain this small effect for elective procedures. For example, female surgeons may follow clinical guidelines more than male surgeons or communicate better and pay more attention to postoperative care than male surgeons, which may affect patient mortality rates. They also add that because elective surgeries allow patients to choose their own surgeon, they are more likely to be influenced by other factors than emergency procedures where patients are assigned to on-call surgeons. The authors note that this was an observational study and therefore cannot be used to determine cause, and also emphasize that other unmeasured social and cultural factors may have influenced the results. They also say their findings may not apply to younger populations, patients undergoing less common procedures, or patients in countries outside the United States. However, we believe that understanding the mechanisms underlying the events observed in this study "provides an opportunity to improve care processes and models for all patients" They believe. "Ongoing qualitative and quantitative research will better define how surgeon and patient gender, race, and other aspects of shared identity affect quality of care and postoperative outcomes," the authors write. he adds.

  • WHO statement on reported increases in respiratory disease in children in northern China

    WHO (World Health Organization) has made a formal request to China for detailed information about the increase in respiratory diseases and reported cases of pneumonia in children. At a press conference held on November 13, 2023, Chinese officials from the National Health Commission reported an increase in cases of respiratory diseases in China. Chinese authorities attributed this increase to the lifting of COVID-19 restrictions and the circulation of known pathogens such as influenza, mycoplasma pneumonia (a common bacterial infection that typically affects young children), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and SARS-CoV-2. (the virus that causes COVID-19). Officials emphasized the need for improved disease surveillance in healthcare facilities and community settings, as well as strengthening the healthcare system's capacity to manage patients. On November 21, media and ProMED reported cases of undiagnosed pneumonia in children in northern China. It is unclear whether these are related to the overall increase in respiratory infections previously reported by Chinese authorities or to separate events. On 22 November, WHO requested additional epidemiological and clinical information, as well as laboratory results, on these cases reported among children through the International Health Regulations mechanism. We also requested more information on recent trends in the circulation of known pathogens, including influenza, SARS-CoV-2, RSV and Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and the current burden on healthcare systems. WHO is also engaging with clinicians and scientists through our existing technical partnerships and networks in China. Since mid-October, an increase in flu-like illnesses has been reported in northern China compared to the same period in the previous three years. China has systems in place to collect information on trends in influenza, influenza-like illnesses, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2 and report to platforms such as the Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System. While WHO seeks this additional information, we recommend that people in China follow precautions to reduce the risk of respiratory disease, including recommended vaccinations; staying away from sick people; staying home when sick; getting tested and medical care when necessary; wearing a mask appropriately; ensuring good ventilation; and regular hand washing. WHO will continue to provide updates.

  • NovApproach launches OneLIF interbody fusion device at NASS 2023

    NovApproach Spine recently discussed "multiple surgical approaches" at the 2023 North American Spine Society (NASS) annual meeting (October 18-21, Los Angeles, USA). announced the full market launch of its patented OneLIF interbody spinal fusion system. Spine surgeons face a multitude of complex and variable problems every day, often in a very challenging environment," said Raymond Cloutier, CEO of NovApproach. said. “Our OneLIF cage was 'born' from the desire to offer a more versatile, less complex implant. It was my pleasure to work with some of the world's most respected spine surgeons to deliver the groundbreaking OneLIF device and SupineATP approach." OneLIF offers surgeons a single cage that supports three different approaches to the patient's lumbar spine: anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF), LateralATP approach, and SupineATP approach. This versatility allows surgeons to optimize their approach, while the OneLIF cage's six fixation screw options and two inserter positions provide "unprecedented flexibility" for varying patient pathologies, according to a NovApproach press release. offers. The statement said surgeons have received "excellent clinical feedback" on the device since its limited launch in early 2022. It is also stated that he shared. Payam Moazzaz (Tri-City Medical Center, Oceanside, USA) "No other device supports this type of intraoperative decision making," said. "I can insert the interbody piece directly anteriorly or obliquely from the ATP [anterior to psoas] and still maintain four-screw fixation with safety features to prevent screw extrusion." "I think accessing certain levels of the spine can be challenging depending on the patient's anatomy. The multi-hole design of the OneLIF cage addresses this,” he said. added Erich Richter (Covenant Health, Saginaw, USA). “Additionally, the SupineATP approach allows my access surgeon to expose multiple levels of the spine without the need to reposition the patient.” Sunil Jeswani (San Diego Spine and Brain Institute, USA), "OneLIF allows surgeons to access the biomechanical advantages offered by an ALIF while minimizing retraction to critical soft tissue structures and vasculature," he said.

  • Joimax launches new iLESSYS biportal interlaminar endoscopic surgery system

    Joimax will present its new iLESSYS biportal interlaminar endoscopic surgery system for the treatment of spinal disorders at the recent EUROSPINE 2023 (4–6 October, Frankfurt, Germany) and the Society for Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery (SMISS; 5–7 October, Las Vegas). introduced. USA) annual meetings celebrate its global debut. It will also be presented at this week's annual meeting of the North American Spine Society (NASS) (October 18-21, Los Angeles, USA). The new instrument set, iLESSYS Biportal for unilateral bilateral endoscopy (UBE), expands the broad range of Joimax endoscopic offerings by separating the instrument working port from the endoscope, allowing free relative movement between the two, according to the company's press release. iLESSYS Biportal offers a full range of instruments specifically designed for biportal spinal endoscopy, with the following features: A special triangulation tool that simplifies access triangulation of two ports Two-port special work tubes with built-in irrigation output control for precise water management Larger, more powerful tools for effective tissue ablation and resection Javier Quillo-Olvera (Brain and Spine Care Group, Querétaro, Mexico) says, "This system is excellent and will allow me to perform surgeries not only bilaterally but also with both hands." said. "iLESSYS Pro allows me to use the working channel endoscope. I am excited to use this on my patients.” Joimax said EUROSPINE participants were "impressed" that this comprehensive system could be used as a dual-port system and be suitable for dual-manual surgical procedures. claims. Moreover, iLESSYS played an important role during the expert talks and stimulated the debate on when to use the transforaminal (TESSYS) versus interlaminar (iLESSYS) approach for a particular spine disease.

  • Avatars to help tailor glioblastoma treatments

    Glioblastoma is an aggressive and difficult to treat brain tumor in adults. On average, patients survive only 1.5 years. The standard of care for this disease, which includes surgery followed by radiation and chemotherapy, has not changed in 18 years. This is partly because cancer is highly variable, with many differences among patient populations. Second, these cancer cells also sneakily trick the body: They even recruit immune cells called macrophages to help them. Third, they are inaccessible to most anti-cancer drugs, which have only limited ability to penetrate brain tissues. Besides standard-of-care treatment, oncologists are testing medications on glioblastoma patients with no guarantee that they will work, often accompanied by negative side effects. “These patients really need new treatments,” said Professor Holger Gerhardt, senior author of the study and Deputy Scientific Director of the Max Delbrück Center in Berlin. says. "It is very important to identify patients who do and do not respond to a particular treatment." Lead author and cancer researcher Lise Finotto at the VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology in Belgium and previously at the Max Delbrück Center, and her senior collaborators Gerhardt and Professor Frederik De Smet from KU Leuven, created a screening platform. can be developed to find new targets for drugs against glioblastoma. It can also be used to check whether a particular patient will respond to treatment. Study "EMBO Molecular Medicine" It was published in the magazine. To understand how macrophages might interact with glioblastoma cells from different patients, researchers created zebrafish "avatars." they created. Gerhardt's laboratory works extensively with zebrafish. These three-centimeter-long fish are considered good model organisms because their embryos are translucent, making it possible to watch what's going on inside. An unexpected survival Finotto studied glioblastoma stem cells from seven patients collected by scientists in the De Smet laboratory, which had established a living tissue bank of glioblastoma samples. By injecting these into zebrafish embryos, he created xenograft models, an avatar for each patient. When he imaged the embryos live, it became clear that the glioblastoma cells adapted well to their new environment. He found that the zebrafish's immune system sent macrophages as part of the immune response to control the tumor. However, as is typical in glioblastoma, macrophages were suppressed. Tumors have various mechanisms to reprogram macrophages to help them grow. Finotto said, "We wanted to learn how to turn macrophages into a tumor-attacking state." says. And a clue emerged when they noticed that a patient's tumor did not suppress the normal macrophage response. De Smet from KU Leuven said, "After examining the medical details more closely, this patient was considered a 'long-term survivor.' "We discovered that he is who we say he is." says. "This is the term used for patients with glioblastoma, an extremely rare form of brain cancer, whose survival is more than five years." Test platform Finotto says their curiosity about the patient is the driving force behind the project. When they cultured tumor cells and macrophages together and performed single-cell RNA sequencing, they learned that the LGALS1 gene was downregulated in the long-term survivor's tumor compared to the others. Previous studies have also shown that silencing LGALS1 in glioblastoma cells may result in longer survival. Scientists confirmed their results by knocking out the gene in another patient's sample and observed that the tumor became less invasive in zebrafish models. Finotto says this platform can be used to identify promising targets other than LGALS1 in the treatment of glioblastoma. And with some refinement, zebrafish avatars can be used to determine which treatments will work. Gerhardt says researchers may be able to find the cells that cause tumor regression by investigating whether tumor cells from specific patients inoculated into zebrafish respond when treated with various drugs. De Smet said, "Equipped with this information, we can inform oncologists and help them make more supported treatment decisions for the patient." he says.

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